The role of National Training Awards in Terms of Improving Employee Essay

The job of National Training Awards in Terms of Improving Employee Development in the Current Political, Economic, Social and Technical Environment - Essay Example As the conversation focuses on the NTAs acknowledge contenders from all divisions, ventures and locales over the UK and give a restrictive chance to have individual’s preparing assessed against the best in the UK. Division for Education and Science has set up NTA in 1987 which has been freely directed by U.K. Aptitudes and upheld as the preparation sector’s adjustment of Oscars. This body converged with People’s Training Awards to set up a solitary showcase for preparing prominence. Rounds of the XXX Olympiad or 2012 Summer Olympic Games, London will watch the appeal in advanced mechanical aptitudes. New open doors will open up and each significant part will require skill.â These new chances and abilities will help U.K. to rival the creating economies like India and China. The fundamental issue of this contextual investigation is the manner by which NTA helps in improving worker advancement in the current political, financial, social and specialized condition. We will be experiencing the center parts of NTA and refer to guides to show the accomplishments and advantages of NTA. From this paper plainly as of late certain activities have been taken by the contributors like the European Social Fund (ESF) and the University for Industry (UfI) who has perceived preparing and improvement of retail division as an essential point regarding upgrading financial abundance, intensity and business. For a situation investigation of Thorn Lighting Limited, the central matter of conversation was the Spennymoor endeavor in UK, whose goal was to flexibly the quality items at any rate cost gave to fulfill customers’ needs. The venture recruited over one thousand workforces and since 1989 has experienced changes in associations and culture permitting multiplying its offer in showcase.

Solar Radiation and the Earths Albedo

Sun powered Radiation and the Earth's Albedo About the entirety of the vitality showing up on planet Earth and driving the different climate occasions, maritime flows, and dissemination of biological systems starts with the sun. This exceptional sun powered radiation as it is known in physical topography begins in the sun’s center and is in the end sent to Earth after convection (the vertical development of vitality) drives it away from the sun’s center. It takes around eight minutes for sun oriented radiation to arrive at the Earth in the wake of leaving the sun’s surface. When this sunlight based radiation shows up on Earth, its vitality is appropriated unevenly over the globe by scope. As this radiation enters the Earth’s air it hits close to the equator and builds up a vitality overflow. Since less immediate sun oriented radiation shows up at the posts, they, thus, build up a vitality shortfall. To keep vitality adjusted on the Earth’s surface, the abundance vitality from the tropical areas streams toward the shafts in a cycle so vitality will be adjusted over the globe. This cycle is known as the Earth-Atmosphere vitality balance. Sun based Radiation Pathways When the Earth’s environment gets shortwave sun oriented radiation, the vitality is alluded to as insolation. This insolation is the vitality input answerable for moving the different Earth-climate frameworks like the vitality balance depicted above yet in addition climate occasions, maritime flows, and other Earth cycles. Insolation can be immediate or diffuse. Direct radiation is sun based radiation got by the Earth’s surface as well as climate that has not been modified by air dispersing. Diffused radiation is sun powered radiation that has been adjusted by dissipating. Dissipating itself is one of five pathways sun oriented radiation can take when entering the climate. It happens when insolation is diverted as well as diverted after entering the air by dust, gas, ice, and water fume present there. In the event that the vitality waves have a shorter frequency, they are dissipated more than those with longer frequencies. Dissipating and how it responds with frequency size are answerable for some things we find in the environment, for example, the sky’s blue shading and white mists. Transmission is another sunlight based radiation pathway. It happens when both shortwave and longwave vitality go through the air and water as opposed to dispersing while interfacing with gases and different particles in the climate. Refraction can likewise happen when sun powered radiation enters the climate. This pathway happens when vitality moves starting with one sort of room then onto the next, for example, from air into water. As the vitality moves from these spaces, it alters its speed and course while responding with the particles present there. The move in course frequently makes the vitality twist and discharge the different light hues inside it, like what occurs as light goes through a gem or crystal. Ingestion is the fourth sort of sunlight based radiation pathway and is the change of vitality from one structure into another. For instance, when sun powered radiation is consumed by water, its vitality movements to the water and raises its temperature. This is normal of every engrossing surface from a tree’s leaf to black-top. The last sun oriented radiation pathway is a reflection. This is the point at which a bit of vitality ricochets straightforwardly back to space without being consumed, refracted, transmitted, or dissipated. A significant term to recall when examining sun based radiation and reflection is albedo. Albedo Albedo is characterized as the intelligent nature of a surface. It is communicated as a level of reflected insolation to approaching insolation and zero percent is absolute retention while 100% is the all out reflection. As far as obvious hues, darker hues have a lower albedo, that is, they retain more insolation, and lighter hues have a high albedo, or higher paces of reflection. For instance, snow reflects 85-90% of insolation, though black-top reflects just 5-10%. The point of the sun additionally impacts albedo worth and lower sun edges make more prominent reflection on the grounds that the vitality originating from a low sun edge isn't as solid as that showing up from a high sun edge. Moreover, smooth surfaces have a higher albedo while harsh surfaces lessen it. Like sunlight based radiation as a rule, albedo esteems likewise differ over the globe with scope however Earth’s normal albedo is around 31%. For surfaces between the tropics (23.5Â °N to 23.5Â °S) the normal albedo is 19-38%. At the shafts, it very well may be as high as 80% in certain zones. This is an aftereffect of the lower sun edge present at the posts yet in addition the higher nearness of new day off, and smooth untamed water-all zones inclined to elevated levels of reflectivity. Albedo, Solar Radiation, and Humans Today, albedo is a significant worry for people around the world. As modern exercises increment air contamination, the air itself is turning out to be increasingly intelligent in light of the fact that there are more pressurized canned products to reflect insolation. What's more, the low albedo of the world’s biggest urban communities now and again makes urban warmth islands which impacts both city arranging and vitality utilization. Sun powered radiation is likewise discovering its place in new designs for sustainable power source most prominently sunlight based boards for power and dark cylinders for warming water. These items’ dull hues have low albedos and accordingly ingest almost the entirety of the sunlight based radiation striking them, making them productive devices for tackling the sun’s power around the world. Despite the sun’s productivity in power age however, the investigation of sun powered radiation and albedo is fundamental to the comprehension of Earth’s climate cycles, sea flows, and areas of various biological systems.

Impressive Expository Essay Examples for Your Inspiration Online Writing Help

Noteworthy Expository Essay Examples for Your Inspiration Online Writing Help A descriptive exposition is a sort of composed talk that effectively explains, portraying and giving data to the peruser. What Is an Expository Essay? A descriptive paper is a sort of composed talk that effectively explains, portraying and giving data to the peruser. This is a straightforward informative exposition definition. Interpretive articles can likewise be decently precisely named ‘information’ or ‘informative’ expositions. 50 MOST POPULAR EXPOSITORY ESSAY TOPICS On the off chance that you are searching for interpretive exposition models here are the best ones underneath. Peruse and appreciate! Descriptive Essay Example on Cultural Diversity Social Diversity all things considered Today, a great many people perceive social decent variety and fight it as an inherent decent. Social assorted variety can be characterized as the distinction among people just as gatherings including the spot of source, age, culture, dialects and physical capacities. Additionally, factors, for example, sexual orientation, class, religion, proficient occupation and scholarly information can likewise be thought of. Quite, associations ought not just focus on the meaning of decent variety in the work environment simply because of its degree. Accordingly, the issue of social decent variety ought to be tended to from different edges to guarantee that it is comprehended by everybody. Social contrast can be battled as a fundamental segment that rises up out of the intercultural cooperation. Along these lines, social character can be portrayed as the recognizable proof for correspondences of a mutual arrangement of representative verbal conduct that are huge to the gathering individuals who have a feeling of having a place just as basic conventions, legacy, language just as comparative standards of conduct. For example, during correspondence, various messages going from eye to eye connection to turn taking are now and then factors that lead to intercultural strife. Along these lines, sentiments, for example, strife, disappointment, disarray just as shame are emotions shown during inflexible social correspondence. Ethnic character, then again, is a lot of self-thoughts with respect to one’s ethnic participation. Ethnic personality has to do with segments, for example, self-distinguishing proof, information concerning ethnic culture, for example, conventions, customs, values just as practices; in addition, ethnic character includes the sentiments of having a place with a gathering. Advantages and disadvantages of Cultural Diversity Social decent variety has shown broad the intricate outcomes. Concerning the beneficial outcomes, it is workable for one to produce contentions about its important commitment to the general public. Right off the bat, about the drawn out point of view, it is clear that all the positive effects add to manageable separation by creating higher imagination, development, just as profitability. Simultaneously, social decent variety has its inadequacies. The negative impacts of social decent variety can be ordered into different levels in an association. Antagonistic effects on the intellectual just as conduct level can be related with people. While at group levels, the negative impacts may show themselves into the issues of correspondence. Social Diversity in the USA As indicated by the U.S. Enumeration Bureau, in 2009 the American populace was 80% white, 16% Hispanic 13% African-American, 5% Asian, 1% American Indian and 0.2% Native Hawaiian. Note that each race contains different ethnic gatherings. The huge quantities of the ethnic populace can be credited to the noteworthy worker populace. Topographically, in the South just as West, there are explicit regions that have enormous parts of the absolute populace that are a minority. Outstandingly, near portion of the individuals in the West was a minority in 2010. California rises as the express that contains the biggest minority populace at 22.3 million. Furthermore, the years somewhere in the range of 2000 and 2010, Texas joined California, the District of Columbia, Hawaii just as New Mexico in having the biggest populace of the minority. Here, over half of the populace was a piece of the minority gathering. Moreover, the assessment of racial just as ethnic gathering appropriations countrywide, affirm that while the non-Hispanic white alone populace is as yet the biggest significant race just as an ethnic gathering in the United States, be that as it may, it is developing at the slowest rate. Then again, the Hispanic and Asian populaces have developed widely to a limited extent in light of modestly more significant levels of movement. Social Diversity Does Matter Culture is the focal point with which people in a general public evaluate everything around them, subsequently. Social decent variety matters. Culture empowers individuals to break down what is legitimate or ill-advised, what is seen as typical or crazy. Quite, when one experiences or connects himself with a culture that isn't his, he may get a stun or get perplexed because of the diverse culture. In this way, most people utilize their way of life as a premise to pass judgment on different societies, along these lines the danger of individuals starting to separate other’s lifestyle. In this manner the requirement for social assorted variety, America as a nation, working environments just as well as schools progressively comprising of individuals of different social, racial just as ethnic gatherings (Belfield). Along these lines, as a various society, we can gain from each other and recognize alternate points of view inside the world in which we live. Besides, it helps in dispe nsing with adverse generalizations just as close to home inclinations in regards to various gatherings. Indisputably, any general public should bolster social decent variety to make it an all the more intriguing spot to remain. As individuals communicate with each other, spans are worked of regard just as trust. Hence understanding across societies. Qualities ought not be forced open individuals from various societies, and individuals should copy proactive tuning in and tolerating individuals with thoughts that are not unique in relation to their own. Eventually, each should bolster the possibility that every individual can make an unmistakable commitment to an assorted society. 6 STEPS TO WRITE A GREAT EXPOSITORY ESSAY Informative Essay Example on Communication Skills For what reason Do We Need Communication? People depend on correspondence to exist together and live in congruity. Without correspondence, it would be troublesome if not difficult to have protections. It has assumed a principal job in holding people, strengthening connections and continuing the general public. Correspondence is the route through which data is passed on from one gathering to the next through different structures. Correspondence can be accomplished through various ways including verbal, recorded as a hard copy just as through nonverbal signs. In any case, other than trading data, conveying is an expertise that is indispensable in our lives since it controls a great deal of our day by day exercises. It is critical in framing relations going from social to a person just as making it simpler for individuals to take part in different exercises in the general public. Great correspondences aptitudes are fundamental for endurance and make it simpler for one to prevail in whatever they do in their lives. Pioneers that happen to be most commended are accepted to have aced these abilities and utilized them to direct, impact and rouse their adherents or subordinates and this inevitably consistently prompts accomplishing all the more satisfying outcomes in any undertaking.  These abilities are required in both our own just as our expert lives to building relations and distinguish openings, the two of which are a need for one to succeed. The Art of Communication The craft of correspondence requires certain abilities to guarantee one can viably talk and interface with individuals. They can be created and idealized with steady practice and certainty while conveying in any capacity or any given setting. One of the most basic aptitude is the capacity to be a decent audience since it makes it simple to collaborate with the crowd as they look for explanation or add to a given plan. Listening causes it workable for people to see each other as they to impart (Communication). Another ability is guaranteeing that one is extremely clear and brief as this will ensure your crowd doesn't lose you during the time spent interfacing. Nonverbal relational abilities are a basic component in any correspondence. One ought to have the option to keep up a receptive aura and maintaining a strategic distance from non-verbal communication that shows an absence of concern. Having the correct mentality is likewise another ability that encourages viable correspondence a s it guarantees the data is gotten well by the crowd. A decent communicator ought to have the capacity likewise to oblige what others state and abstain from being emphatic and just keen on ensuring you put your thought over. Consequently, liberality is an extra correspondence ability that is loved. Being certain, keeping in touch and being deferential are different aptitudes that make a decent communicator. Certainty while keeping in touch will make people quick to follow the association while regard will make it less demanding for others to communicate their suppositions openly. Utilization of signals when conveying guarantees that the message breaks through to the crowd as they feel connected with during the discussion (Communication). Having the option to give criticism during the time spent passing data adequately is likewise a basic aptitude in correspondence as it makes the procedure progressively intelligent and the surely knew. The above relational abilities are among the te n most important aptitudes that ensure successful correspondence. How to Develop Communication Skills? The way toward creating phenomenal relational abilities expects one to continue rehearsing continually. One is required these abilities however much as could be expected, consummating them with time and inevitably turning into a certain and experienced communicator. The lucidity and selection of words are exceptionally imperative as on

The Debate Over Islam Essay Topics

The Debate Over Islam Essay Topics Finally your conclusion that's the maximum scoring part need to get done the best as it takes the utmost attention of the evaluator. These sections list the most typical movements. Actually the two go together. To learn, read further! Absolutely free Islam essay samples are offered on FreeEssayHelp with no payment or registration. Values section on the opposite hand is extremely special. Translation was also another important component that stimulated its acceptance across the world. Law isn't seperated from religion. Islam Essay Topics and Islam Essay Topics - The Perfect Combination With FreeEssayHelp you'll find hundreds of Islam essay topics in a matter of many seconds. The author doesn't attempt to deny or hide this. Islam attaches great value to peace. He is one of the largest religions in the world. He is a religion which is a social aspect rather than political. He understands that a person may get certain whims time to time. Also these 3 religions are called religions in motion. In the contemporary Earth, the degree of mutual mistrust between the 2 religions has been on the increase mainly on account of the custom of divergent doctrines and due to political tension. A conclusion is, without a doubt, the most significant part college the argumentative essay because you can either support the very good impression or destroy it entirely. In Africa, as an example, Islam is now such an integral portion of some cultures that there's almost no distinction between both. In addition, there are major differences within both religions, naturally, but the basic stories are closely related to one another. The culture where the religion developed has generally had a big impact too. Their understanding of medicine was centuries ahead of the remaining part of the world. One reason for such maturation of science is most likely due to God's commandment to learn more about the laws of nature. Despite how the Western world likes to set European man and Christians besides the remainder of the world. Our history bears evidence that numerous women took active role in the achievements of big targets. There are lots of religions of the planet, mostly all consisting of a ritual of prayer of some kind. In truth, it is but one of the most peaceful religions on the planet. The Lost Secret of Islam Essay Topics Narrative essay about vegas. Very good subjects to compose an essay about. The issue of evil essays. A few crucial things to do to remember when writing your essay. Idol worship is a curse and ought to be abandoned. You may believe that interesting essay titles do all of the work, allowing you to add obvious examples and share ordinary ideas. Otherwise, it's an item not. Islamic social system gives a great deal more importance to woman in comparison with the other social systems of earth. You may continue to keep your argumentative essays for your upcoming job portfolio in case they're highly graded. To begin writing your assignment you would want to encounter an interesting and promising topic. You also need to constantly work to increase your writing style and produce your essay attractive to read and simple to navigate. Thesis statement definition for children.

Night Club Operation Management Journal - 5510 Words

Kostas E. Sillignakis – www.sillignakis.com â€Å"Late Entertainment Venues industry: How Nightclubs may measure Customer Satisfaction and how the industry may add business value and create competitive advantage by using Six Sigma model – The â€Å"Breeze† Nightclub case study.† By Kostas E. Sillignakis CONTENTS PAGE INTRODUCTION 1.0 THE â€Å"BREEZE† NIGHTCLUB CASE STUDY 2.0 MANAGEMENT SYSTEM DESIGN 2.1 ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES 3.0 THE TRANSFORMATION PROCESS MODEL 3.1 OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT CYCLE 3.2 FUNCTIONS AND PROCESSES 4.0 CUSTOMER SATISFACTION IN NIGHTCLUB INDUSTRY 5.0 PRODUCT SERVICE ATTRIBUTES IN A NIGHTCLUB EXPERIENCE 6.0 MEASUREMENT OF CUSTOMER SATISFACTION 7.0 QUALITY MANAGEMENT – SIX SIGMA 8.0 APPLICATIONS OF SIX SIGMA TO â€Å"BREEZE†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦show more content†¦Nevertheless, on the â€Å"Breeze† case, authority of decision making has been clarified in advance, therefore the General Manager has the authority of controlling all functions except those related to Financial Investments. Deputy Manager is a â€Å"key† person who will communicate the strategy between the management board and the whole organization and will have a more â€Å"hands on† role on the operation. The Executive Chef will be responsible for food orders and food storing , plus its typical responsibilities for efficient usage of resources, menu design and food preparation. The Executive Chef would be responsible to supervise all other Kitchen staff and stewards. Security supervisor is a very crucial and responsible role in nightclubs. Due to nature of the business, the operation hours, the consumption of alcohol by customers, and the competitive relationships with other nightclub, this person should have very good managerial, communication and customer service skills. This person will supervise all security and valet (parking) services staff plus he will ensure the safe and secure operations inside and outside the premises. The restaurant supervisor will be responsible for the smooth operations in the restaurant and make sure that service reach or exceed the operational standards, prior set. Bar supervisor is the person who will deliver and communicate efficiently the products to customers. One of his/her main responsibilities is to ensureShow MoreR elatedShouldice Hospital Case1459 Words   |  6 Pagesa converted country estate which gives the hospital ‘a country club’ appeal.† A quote from American Medical News Shouldice Hospital in Canada is widely known for one thing-hernia repair! In fact, that is the only operation it performs, and it performs a great many of them. Over the past two decades this small 90-bed hospital has averaged 7,000 operations annually. Last year, it had a record year and performed nearly 7,500 operations. Patients’ ties to Shouldice do not end when they leave the hospitalRead MoreCommunity Agency : Community Based Agencies1104 Words   |  5 Pagespopulation and turns no one way regardless of socioeconomic background or the ability to pay. The organization receives its funding from private donations, business donations, membership fees, and from United Way. The funding supports the basic operations management fees along with those individuals that are experiencing financial hardship as a way for them to participate in actives by the YMCA. Services Offered by YMCA There is a selection of volunteers and professional individuals that work for theRead MoreLiterature Review of Hospitality Industry5422 Words   |  22 Pages(paul.slattery@drkw.com) Dresdner Kleinwort Wasserstein 20 Fenchurch Street, London, UK. DOI:10.3794/johlste.11.7 ï £ © Journal of Hospitality, Leisure, Sport and Tourism Education Abstract Some academics from the UK have published a conception of hospitality, which they argue is the basis for the understanding of the hospitality industry and for teaching and research in hospitality management (Brotherton, 1999; Lashley, 2000; Lashley and Morrison (eds.), 2000). This paper is in two parts. First, I willRead MoreDisney Resorts International, Naics Code 721120 : A Sound Global Hospitality Company1203 Words   |  5 PagesCompany Overview MGM Resorts International, NAICS Code 721120 are a sound global hospitality company that is featured in the Fortune 500 that operates an assortment of portfolios of destination resort brands. The operations of the company are divided into two divisions that include the MGM China as well as the Wholly Owned Domestic Resorts. Via the division on Wholly Owned Domestic Resorts, the company manages, owns and operates 15 resorts located in Nevada, Mississippi and Michigan. The resortsRead MoreMedical Service Improvement Project : The Royal Australia College Of Physicians1598 Words   |  7 PagesPhysician Education Program through RACP events †¢ RACP clinical exam series through RACP events †¢ St John of God Physician Lecture series †¢ ICU BASICS course backed by FSH Director of Physician Education Dr Abraham †¢ FSH Site specific case rounds and journal club meetings †¢ eLearning@RACP online course modules †¢ I am aiming to attend exam preparation courses in 2016 and 2017 2. Prior experience with research and/or publication and/or clinical audit. Throughout my career I have demonstrated my commitmentRead MoreEffective Customer Relationship Management - Customer Loyalty Program4616 Words   |  19 PagesThe Hong Kong Polytechnic University School of Hotel and Tourism Management HTM3129 Lodging Management Lecturer Tutor: Dr. Deniz KUCUKUSTA Group Project Title: Effective Customer Relationship Management—Customer Loyalty Program Class Group: Thursday, SEM004 16:30—17:30 Group Member: Leung Mei Wun, May (10626919D) Ngan Ho Shan, Iris (10571756D) Poon Wing Lam, Yvonne (10627025D) Wan Wing Tung, Yuki (10542306D) Wu Kit Wing Ophelia (10504166D) Date of submission: Total no. of words: 2ndRead MoreCoconut Grove Fire1406 Words   |  6 PagesCocoanut Grove The Cocoanut Grove was a restaurant and supper club located in downtown Boston, Massachusetts. The building was built in 1927 and was located near Park Square. The Grove, as it was called, had been very popular during the late 1920’s, but had come across hard times during the 1930’s. In the early years of World War II the restaurant became very popular again. In 1942, The Grove was the popular place to be and where everyone liked to hang out. The building was a single-story structureRead MoreService Experience Diary Report : The Baroq House2364 Words   |  10 Pagesof 2014. It was just after payday weekend and we decided to have a girls night out trying somewhere new, allowing our budgets to be slightly higher than usual. 1. Introduction I am Elena Youngman. I am 20 years old, British and currently on exchange in Melbourne for a year. I enjoying keeping fit and looking after myself through healthy eating and love to try new restaurants and bars. I am studying Music Industry Management, which is my main passion, however this does include having a busy socialRead MoreOutdoor Recreation and Park Management2754 Words   |  12 Pagesof our ecological footprint and health of a park requires the management of the pressures of internal and external developments and public use. A park’s management strategies need to promote conservation of the vegetation, fauna and habitat within the park as well as catering for park visitors. Question 1: 5 Park Management Issues As a manager of a park, an array of issues affects both short term and long-term goals for management to contend with. At times, these issues usually conflict with theRead MoreBoutique hotel Essay7085 Words   |  29 Pagesinvolvement of large international hotel chains looking to diversify their operations. Problems facing boutique hotels encompasses increasing competition for real estate and financing opportunities, concept copying, and human resource and branding issues. Looking into the future, boutique hotels need to have a strong differentiation strategy while maintaining authenticity of the property. Operating under a members’ club structure is an ongoing trend in this subsector, along with greater attention

The Movement And The Civil Rights Movement Essay - 2597 Words

If you look at the Declaration of Independence of the United States, it promises certain rights to the men of the country. America promised her citizens the right to vote for their own leaders. When these words were written, the expected receivers of these rights where white men. They did not consider the allowing of slavery of â€Å"lesser† people and oppression of women from the full rights of a citizen as violation of the freedoms they shed blood to obtain for themselves. If you look at the events following the Revolutionary War, you can see that many clashes inside of the United States stems from neglecting these two groups those rights. The Woman’s Rights Movement and the Civil Rights Movement shape much of American History, with both often affecting each other in the process. Because women come from all races, social classes, and age, they have been an important instrument in shaping western ideology and the world. Feminism is a broad term encompassing the entirety of the historical movement in the nineteenth century and the philosophical thought leading into the twentieth century (Zophy and Kavenik 206). Although the term wasn’t popularized until the 1950’s and 60’s, it represents the ideology into the modern era. With Woman’s History being a major thread of United States history, it is important we understand the progression of women’s rights, freedoms, and feminism throughout the Colonial Era, the Woman’s Suffrage Movement, and the rise of second and third waveShow MoreRelatedThe Civil Rights Movement And The American Civil Movement958 Words   |  4 Pages The Civil Rights Movement, also known as the American Civil Rights Movement and other names, is a term that encompasses the strategies, groups, and s ocial movements in the United States whose goals were to end racial segregation and discrimination against African Americans and to secure legal recognition and federal protection of the citizenship rights enumerated in the Constitution and federal law. The movement was characterized by major campaigns of civil resistance. Between 1955 and 1968Read MoreThe Civil Rights Movement And The Movement Of The 1960s1310 Words   |  6 PagesThe  civil  rights  movement  was a well known  movement in which  the blacks are entitled to reach Civil Rights and are treated the same in all primary rights for U.S citizenship like possibility of employment, housing, education and right to vote. However, the beginnings of the  movement  go back to the 19th century, but it raised in the 1950s and 1960s. African American people, with accompany of particular numbers of whites, planned and led the  movement at national and local levels. They followed theirRead MoreThe Civil Rights Movem ent And The Movement Of The 1960s1513 Words   |  7 PagesThe civil rights movement was a large and very popular movement that secured African Americans equal access and opened doors for the essential benefits and rights of U.S. citizenship. In spite of the fact that the foundations of the movement go back to the nineteenth century, it crested in the 1960s. African American men and ladies, alongside whites, sorted out and drove the movement at national and neighborhood levels. They sought after their objectives through lawful means, arrangements, petitionsRead MoreThe Civil Rights Movement1204 Words   |  5 PagesVictims Frustration In general, historians will have us believe that the fight for Civil Rights was one fought in the South. While this is predominately so, there were still people to the North and West that needed representation during this struggle. The situation in the South mainly revolved around the reluctance of local authorities to follow the national legislature after the Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka decision. Black Power became synonymous with urban riots in Harlem, DetroitRead MoreThe Civil Rights Movement1286 Words   |  6 PagesThe Civil Rights movement is one of the most important acts to change the way not only African Americans were able to live their lives but all races and colors. It would slowly break down the social, economic, political, and racial barriers that were created by the The Age of Discovery and Transatlantic Slave trade. I believe without the Civil Rights acts our country would result to be no better than what it was when the Emancipation Proclamation just to ok effect. In the 1950s and long before, SouthernRead MoreThe Civil Rights Movement712 Words   |  3 PagesCivil rights movement The African Americans managed to solve their conflict and resolution through acts of non-violence and struggle. Even though the actions taken by Malcolm X were of good intentions, they ended up causing a ripple between African Americans. On the other hand Martin Luther King Jr. identified that if people were going to respond to hatred with more hatred then there will be little chances for change and substance which was never understood by Malcolm. He was, of course, powerfulRead MoreCivil Rights Movement823 Words   |  3 PagesIntroduction: This paper is about the blacks wanting equal rights like the whites have.Then everything gets out of hand.The fire truck hoses get used on people,the k-9 dogs go attack the people, people go to jail. King goes to jail and writes a report and gets out of jail. Finally, Birmingham takes down the â€Å"blacks only† and â€Å"whites only† signs from the bathroom and drinking fountains. Blacks now can use any bathroom and drinking fount ain they want. The SCLC launched Project C† (for Birmingham)Read MoreThe Civil Rights Movement708 Words   |  3 PagesEven with the passage of laws that guaranteed equality there were still many racial tensions during, before and after the war years. The large scale movement of African Americans from the South to the industrial centers in the North led to local confrontations over jobs and housing shortages. The Federal government feared a major race war could result. Luckily large scale disturbances did not happen, however there were instances of race riots in 1943 Detroit, and a series of anti-Mexican riots inRead MoreThe Civil Rights Movement911 Words   |  4 PagesThe Civil Rights Movement: Martin Luther King Jr. Martin Luther King Jr. changed history not only for African American’s, but for all who live in the United States. Martin was born on January 15, 1929, in Atlanta, Georgia. As a child Martin attended many public segregated schools throughout Georgia until he graduated at the age of fifteen. Following high school, Martin Luther King Jr. attended many colleges such as, Morehouse College, Crozer Theological Seminary, and Boston University. While studyingRead MoreCivil Rights Movements1130 Words   |  4 PagesIn the mid 1900’s the civil rights movement was one of the most relevant subjects in America at the time. During this era the United States was facing many issues involving racism. Many historical figures from this period gave motivating speeches and Martin Luther King Jr. became one of the most widely known speakers. Dr. King’s â€Å"I have a dream† speech gave Americans hope for equality and a better life through making peace. The famous speech is an unforgettable moment in African American history

Convergence of Management Accounting †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Convergence of Management Accounting. Answer: Introduction The report has been prepared to analyze the purpose and the significance of the product costing system in relation to New Age Caravans. Furthermore, the suggestions on AASB 102 has even been explained brightly, which are related with the cost of production. In addition, the schedules associated with sales cost and the cost of goods sold produced are being constructed with respect to the overheads and the T-Accounts are analysed and the journal entry for the discarding of the inequity (Kaminska and Kolesnikova 2014). The paper even tries to deal with the exploitation of the under-absorbed or the over-absorbed overhead and the relevant journal entry to eliminate the imbalances. Finally, the report highlights on the significant analysis of the ABC costing system and the advantages New Age Caravans can enjoy with the introduction of these systems (Bodie 2013). The process of product costing consists of the assignment of the costs that is relevant to the inventories along with the production activities. This process of costing is similar for the production units and thus can be taken into account the imperative for the manufacturing entities of New Age Caravans. Product costing tries to assist the managers towards sensible decisions making through the distribution of every cost factors from the total cost of product. Product costing gives out the model that is based on which the budgetary assignments to every cost centre that are restructured (Saunders and Cornett 2014). Furthermore, product costing is an efficient device in investigating the cost overruns and variances. Moreover, feasibility in terms of production that is introduced newly is even investigated with the help of product costing system. Conversely, the efficiency of product costing is restricted to the succour it gives out as a management accounting methodology. Moreover, product costing comprises of various limitations due to its intrinsic incapability to provide material evidence with respect to the corporate performance. Furthermore, this style of costing tries to distribute the contributions made at various production and distribution stages thus enabling the interventions of the management. Simons (2013) explains that that in case of economic downturns and increase in prices of inputs product costing plays a significant role in downsizing the manufacturing towards a degree that is wished by the management. It is seen that Renz (2016) explains that in market having a monopolistic atmosphere the assignment of the fixed overheads are to be created by looking at the mandate and then process costing is introduced for a modification in the management of cost policy. Hence, it is said that the significance of product costing as a device for management has enhanced with period. In case of the implementation of a novel and innovative commodity the opportunity cost requires to be assigned by relying on the feasibility of the commodity. With respect to AASB 102, the conversion costs of the inventories relate to the allotment with respect to the fixed and the variable cost of production. The assignment with respect to the cost of transferring the inventories into the final products is based on the real activity of the present production with respect to the firm. New Age caravans can analyse the degree of their actual production by aggregating the expected production under the real circumstances of the business. Moreover, with respect to AASB 102, these capacities are there to derive at a point after considering the account of losses and the overruns of the cost that is relevant to the planned maintenance. Furthermore, in case the production levels in accomplishing continuous high levels then the overheads are reassigned in a process that decreases the total cost of inventory below the degree of aggregate cost of production (Fullerton, Kennedy and Widener 2014). In addition, it is seen that if more products are manufa ctured concurrently the value of the costs is assigned right now after the commodity develop distinct recognizable or subsequently the manufacturing system is accomplished. Schedule of Costs of Goods Manufactured and the Cost of Goods Sold The cost of goods schedule produced and the costs of goods vended has been summarised and shown in the table form that is presented in Appendix 1. The costs of goods produced are a widespread declaration revealing the analysis of the production cost of a firm in a specific accounting year. The cost of goods schedule on the other perspective is the entire incurred cost to enhance the service or the product that are offered for sale. By looking at the data provided, the salaries that are related with the administration expenditures, general insurances and advertising that are associated with the liability of sales that are being deleted from the schedule. This is due to the fact that these items fall under the production or the manufacturing entity. The organization has even revealed that their consent regarding accounting excludes the expenses in other heads rather than on the manufacturing overheads. Wagenhofer (2016) explained that the cost of goods contrived and the sales cost do not consider the costs that are related with the branches of the office. The items that have been mentioned above are taken into account as office expenditures and it is seen that the schedule only considers the expenditures incurred in the factory. Therefore, this is the primary factor for not excluding the goods from the schedule. Application of overhead in the current year The overhead that is implemented in the present year with respect to New Age Caravans has amounted to $489000. Actual overhead or the indirect cost that is incurred in the accounting year The real overhead cost of New Age Caravans has been seen to amount to $1963000 in the current year. Over or under applied overhead It is discovered that New Age Caravans over applied the overhead by $ 163000. The explained itemasition of the analysis has been shown in the table that is given in Journal entry for terminating the imbalance The journal entry for terminating the inequality is demonstrated in a synopsis as follows: Particulars Debit Amount (in $) Credit Amount (in $) Manufacturing Overhead A/C -1618000 To Work-in-Process -100283 To Finished Goods -47896 To Cost of Goods Sold -1469821 (Being over-applied overhead disposed for elimination of imbalance) The use of over or under applied overhead and dealing with the issue by explaining the journal for the elimination of imbalance New Age Caravan can under apply the overhead by implementing the same to a commodity that is associated to the work-in-progress, which requires being lower than the real overhead that has been experienced in the work-in-progress. It is due to this consequence that manufacturing overhead shall enable an equilibrium in the debit side. Therefore, New Age Caravan could publish a report that this is an expense that is prepaid in nature and their financial position statement. The over application of the overhead could be done by assigning the overhead in the inventory of the work-in-progress (Taipaleenmki and Ikheimo 2013). This requires being greater in comparison to the real overhead that have been experienced on the work-in-progress. It is because of this that the production expense would lead to a balance on the credit side. Therefore, this value is added to the profit that is budgeted of the firm at the completion of the accounting year. In case of New Age Caravans, it is discovered that under application of the overhead is done. Thus, to rectify this subject, the journal entry given below has to be passed in order to write off the inequality. Particulars Debit Credit Manufacturing overhead a/c -1618000 To work in process account -1618000 (Being the over application of direct labour cost as part of the manufacturing overhead is transferred to work in process) ABC method and its evaluation of whether it should be implemented ABC method allocates the manufacturing overhead costs to the merchandises in a more practical manner than the conventional approach of easily assigning the cost by looking at the machine hours. It is seen that Activity based costing primarily allocates the cost to the operations that underlines the actual cause of the overhead. The process then allocates the cost of these operations to the commodities that are really looking for the undertakings (Otley and Emmanuel 2013). ABC method identifies that the special examining, special engineering, set up of machines and few others are the operations that result to costs, the reasons the organizations consume the resources. Within the Activity based costing, the firm will compute the resource costs that is utilised in every operations. The following step involves the price of every one of these operations will be allocated to the products that desired for the undertakings (Eilifsen et al. 2013). The process of ABC has grown in significance in the current year because the costs of manufacturing overhead have increased potentially. The cost of manufacturing overhead does not relate to the direct labour hours and the machine hours that are productive in nature. The product diversity and the diversity in the demand of the customers have grown and it is even seen that some commodities are manufactured in large scale while few of them in small batches. With respect to New Age Caravans, it is seen that the process of ABC will be helpful to them as they manufacture two lines of products namely the Off-road and the Semi-off road caravans. It is seen that that both the products are of the highest quality and thus the pricing is done accordingly. The use of ABC method will allocate the costs according to the product that desires for manufacturing activities so that the costs can be allocated accordingly giving the company the ideal path to assign the costs thereby helping them improve their production capabilities (DRURY 2013). The pricing policy of New Age Caravans can even be improved as the proper allocation of the cost will determine the actual production cost and thereby a true and fair price can be determined. It is will ease the management of the firm to reach at a probable selling price. Conclusion The various sets of costing equipment are helping the management of the firm in analysing the performance level of various cost centres. Furthermore, creation of constant value and the control of quality is supported from various costing tool sets. With respect to New Age Caravans, the implementation of product costing system will help them to assist to the cost dissemination that are pertinent to the various production stages. Furthermore, the management is supported with the introduction of ABC method in its manufacturing platforms as the firm manufactures various sets of caravan products. In addition, computation of cost budgets is directed with the presence of ABC and product costing system at their armoury. The methods discussed above regarding costing have the ability to maintain attention on both the sustainable desirable degree and quality control technique of per unit cost of the products. Additionally, identification of the variances with respect to the cost of materials an d the labour can be lined with the help of ABC. The total cost of production of New Age Caravans can decrease considerably with the help of the methods of costing and even though New Age Caravans has a reputation and share in the market, the introduction of the suitable cost management functions will help the firm in reducing their breakeven point. Reference and Bibliography Bodie, Z., 2013.Investments. McGraw-Hill. Cohen, L.J., Cornett, M.M., Marcus, A.J. and Tehranian, H., 2014. Bank earnings management and tail risk during the financial crisis.Journal of Money, Credit and Banking,46(1), pp.171-197. Cooper, D.J., Ezzamel, M. and Qu, S.Q., 2017. Popularizing a management accounting idea: The case of the balanced scorecard.Contemporary Accounting Research. DRURY, C.M., 2013.Management and cost accounting. Springer. Eilifsen, A., Messier, W.F., Glover, S.M. and Prawitt, D.F., 2013.Auditing and assurance services. McGraw-Hill. Fullerton, R.R., Kennedy, F.A. and Widener, S.K., 2014. Lean manufacturing and firm performance: The incremental contribution of lean management accounting practices.Journal of Operations Management,32(7), pp.414-428. Kaminska, T. and Kolesnikova, O., 2014. Financial Risk Management Accounting.Accounting and Finance, (1), pp.20-25. Mariana, M.A.N. and Bogdan, R.A.V.A., 2017. Implementation Of Management Accounting ToolsSolution To Enhance The Performance Of Public Capital Companies In Difficulty. Case Study: Romanian Television Company.Internal Auditing and Risk Management,45(1), pp.1-15. Nuhu, N.A., Baird, K. and Appuhami, R., 2016. The Association between the Use of Management Accounting Practices with Organizational Change and Organizational Performance. InAdvances in Management Accounting(pp. 67-98). Emerald Group Publishing Limited. Otley, D. and Emmanuel, K.M.C., 2013.Readings in accounting for management control. Springer. Renz, D.O., 2016.The Jossey-Bass handbook of nonprofit leadership and management. John Wiley Sons. Saunders, A. and Cornett, M.M., 2014.Financial institutions management. McGraw-Hill Education,. Simons, R., 2013.Performance Measurement and Control Systems for Implementing Strategy Text and Cases: Pearson New International Edition. Pearson Higher Ed. Soin, K. and Collier, P., 2013. Risk and risk management in management accounting and control. Taipaleenmki, J. and Ikheimo, S., 2013. On the convergence of management accounting and financial accountingthe role of information technology in accounting change.International Journal of Accounting Information Systems,14(4), pp.321-348. Wagenhofer, A., 2016. Exploiting regulatory changes for research in management accounting.Management Accounting Research,31, pp.112-117.

American Identity Essay Example

American Identity Essay America: Undefined Land In Creating America, Joyce Moser and Ann Watters suggest that, In understanding American Identities, we need to come to terms with unity and division, with separateness and common grounds. In other words, for understanding American society one must understand its contradictions and the irony they represent. For thousands of years humans have emerged themselves in the constant quest of finding who they are as individuals and ultimately as a society. This constant quest has become more complex as the years pass, especially in America, where a multiple ombination of people from different cultures, races and religions coexist. This coexistence has kept the American self-image compelling to others and thus bringing more individuals to the nation. For understanding a nation as a whole one must understand its individuals, and since America does not have a set standard of what one must look like in order to declare themselves as Americans, one can only conclude that the American Identity remains undefined, even after taking and analyzing all the contradictions. Even though American Identity cannot be well- defined, terms such as Melting-pot or Mosaic are still used to describe this nation society. A Melting-Pot by definition is a pot where different materials are melted and mixed together. As a metaphor it is used to describe all the different people who came together to formed America and became one. A Mosaic is used in the same context as well, and it only differs in the broader aspect of a more multiculturalism adaptation. We will write a custom essay sample on American Identity specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on American Identity specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on American Identity specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Both terms come close to describe the diversity that the United States is omposed of; however, both fail in the idealism that assimilation of this culture take place, and since there is no set standard of an American or even a set culture, immigrants have nothing to assimilate to begin with. There has always been the notion that what is America, if not a nation of immigrants? And in reality that is the case. America has always been a nation of settlers, even today, where thousands of people traversed the borders legally and illegally to come to the United States. Diversity is what describes this nation, describes it but not defines it. The idealism of economic advancement, the promise of the American Dream, freedom of speech, the promises in the constitution all appealing to immigrants who share aspirations and values and celebrate the honor of being called an American. However, no matter how big these ideals are racial discrimination still takes place between each other. Regardless, of how progressive one may think America is immigrants are still considered immigrants instead of full fledge Americans. Segregations still exist to some extent in the American communities. From a perspective point of view, it is ard to define everyone as equals and sharing the same goal since there is vastly amount of different backgrounds and ideas of what American is and should be. Nonetheless there still some who believe America can transcend from the individual differences and unite as one. As Michael Friedman once said Americans have defined themselves not by their racial, religious, and ethnic identity but by their common values and belief in individual freedom. If the American way does indeed embrace all kinds of people and give them equal rights, rules and everything else, nen mayDe It Is a mlstaKe to say tnere Is no American laentlty Mayne as waters ana Moser stated between the lines contradictions are indeed the American way. As the diversity of America continues growing, more contradictions, opposing ideologies and subcultures will arise, and so it will give the birth to a new America, The real America. Insightful enough this ideology will be more complex to understand and farther from a set identity. Again it would not create a culture. In conclusion what defines a nation? Is it each individual with their different culture, background or even race? Is the idealism and common goal what brings together a nation? If it is then what are the common belief of the American society? Answering these questions differs from each individual, so agreeing on disagreeing is the best option. As Waters and Moser argument establish, America is indeed a land of contradictions. Nothing is only one way, there is always another side. Diversity is what represents the American way, but ironically it is also the reason why the American Identity is still undefined.

Ridley Scotts landmark noir science fiction classic Blade Runner Essay Example

Ridley Scotts landmark noir science fiction classic Blade Runner Essay Example Ridley Scotts landmark noir science fiction classic Blade Runner Essay Ridley Scotts landmark noir science fiction classic Blade Runner Essay Essay Topic: The Haunting Of Hill House Ridley Scotts landmark noir science fiction classic Blade Runner (1982) is a showcase of effective construction of mood through a combination of key on-screen imagery, including unique mise-en-scà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ne, and elements of the films soundtrack. Each element is not only effective in its own right, but also contributes to the films themes, most notably its exploration of immortality and what it means to be human. Scotts adaptation of Philip K Dicks short story Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep? into Blade Runner was uncompromising in its commitment to exploring difficult existential questions about the essence of humanity and individual identity, using the unique advantages that the medium of film provides. Blade Runner follows the struggle of a group of replicants, or artificial human beings, to find and meet with their creator in order to ask for more life, as their leader (Batty) puts it, because their life spans are limited to four years by design. The replicants are neither pleased by this limitation, nor their status as slaves to the human race, and stage a bloody offworld revolt which leads to their presence being banned on Earth, on penalty of death. Despite the risk, four replicants journey to Earth and resort to violence in their quest to find Dr. Eldon Tyrell, an artificial intelligence genius who designed the replicants and presides, albeit reclusively, over the Tyrell Corporati on from his penthouse perch atop a pyramid. A Blade Runner named Deckard is enlisted to come out of retirement to himself retire, a euphenism for kill, the wayward replicants. Over the course of the film, Deckard falls in love with Rachael, Tyrells niece, who is a replicant but is unaware of it. In a mind-bending existential twist, the films conclusion suggests that Deckard may himself be a replicant. Scott borrows heavily from the stylistic tradition of American noir films of the 1940s and 1950s to provide the mise-en-scà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ne for the story. Set in Los Angeles in the year 2019, the film depicts a thoroughly depressing, congested, urban environment in which the city and its citizens are literally soaked with deluge of never-ending acid rain, absurd gigantic commercial advertisements (including a dark satire of Coca-Cola), another poster ironically advertised the tagline: MAN HAS MADE HIS MATCH NOW ITS HIS PROBLEM. There is also the influence of the Japanese, who appear to have taken over the majority of the city. In an interesting choice, Scott hired electronic musician Vangelis to compose a dark, futuristic soundtrack for Blade Runner. Vangelis score was performed almost entirely on synthesizers, which was a departure from traditional film scoring methodology and which resulted in futuristic sound with 19th century influences. Of particular note is the extremely dramatic music underlying the opening of the film, setting a tone which is both noir and futuristic at the same time no small feat. Reportedly, Frederic Chopins trademark melancholy nocturnes inspired Vangelis; this music was a major influence in setting the tone of the film from the opening to the closing scenes. Chopins influence can also be heard in the music that replicant Rachael plays on her piano during the film, possibly suggesting that organic music, such as the piano, is more human than synthesizer music. Vangelis score further illustrates its innovative skill during a scene in which Deckard chases and kills one of the rep licants, Zhora, by shooting her in the back, the vivid image of her clear plastic mackintosh covered in blood evokes feeling of shock and horror as this is the first time you see replicants blood, thus affirming their humanity. Vangelis contrapuntal orchestration, combined with an almost overloud haunting saxophone solo, contributes to the tension of this disturbing execution sequence. The existential questions of the story, most notably what it means to be human, what distinguishes replicants from humans, are reinforced by Scotts savvy use of symbolic visual elements. Part of the answer suggested in Blade Runner is that these questions are heavily dependent on point of view and the experience of visual memory. Scott reinforces these notions through the repeated use of an eye motif throughout almost every element of the films mise-en-scà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ne, indicating that our perception and inner construction of reality is dependent on what and how we see. The films opening shows a giant eye; the replicants eyes are often showed glowing; the test employed to distinguish replicant from human (the Voight-Kampff test), is partially dependent on eye movement and the scenes depicting this test are layered with extreme close-ups of the replicants eyes; the replicant owl owned by Tyrell has wary blood red eyes; and Tyrell himself wears huge, thick glasses suggesting his both l iteral and metaphysical myopia and disconnect from both reality and the humanity of his own creations. Lastly, replicant Batty, who is the last replicant to die at the films end, delivers a moving speech telling Deckard of the wonders his eyes have seen, the vivid memories of which will be needlessly lost liketearsin rain to eternity upon his death. Collectively, the omnipresence of eyes, symbolically and literally, contributes to a sense of paranoia, a world constantly under surveillance; Scott cleverly highlights this theme by the use of ever-present searchlights throughout the film, only Tyrells penthouse has the luxury of escaping this constant surveillance. However, any viewer of Blade Runner must be wary; Scott goes out of his way to illustrate that vision doesnt necessarily guarantee certainty and truth for the viewer. Scott employs many simulations or fakes photographs, memory implants within replicants, artificial animals, and of course, the replicants themselves, which are simulated humans. Of course, Blade Runner leaves us to ponder whether or not the replicants are more human than their masters, with their simple desire to be free to live and be masters of their own destinies. This is contrasted with Deckards inhuman mission to kill them, and Tyrells chilling attempt to convince the replicants to simply revel in your time instead of fighting their own mortality. The irony, of course, is that humans fight the inevitable in the same futile ways; their creator, whoever it/she/he may be, has simply programmed a longer lifespan into humanity but death is as much a certainty for humans as it is replicants. Threading the motif of the e ye through to its tragic conclusion, Scott depicts a horrific scene in which Batty shatters Tyrells glasses and gouges out his eyes as revenge for the existential horror Tyrell has fated for the replicants. Scott explores some of the most profound questions of our time our search for our creator, our mortality, what it means to be human, and whether simply accumulating experiences and memories is enough to create a soul, whether human or replicant. He is hardly the first filmmaker or auteur to do so, but what is unique about Blade Runner is how Scott brilliantly utilizes both visual and auditory components to explore these themes.

Healthcare Quality Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Healthcare Quality - Research Paper Example Third, a high quality health care system is patient-centered. This concept encompasses respect for patients values, preferences, and expressed needs; coordination and integration of care; information, communication, and education; physical comfort; emotional support and involvement of family and friends. Fourth, high quality health care implies care that is delivered in a timely manner. A high quality health care system is efficient. It should use resources to obtain the best value for the money spent. Lastly, a high quality health care system is equitable and based on the patients’ needs (Lighter & Fair, 2004). Information and communication technology is integral to achieving substantial quality improvement. Information technology infrastructure supports health care delivery, consumer health, quality measurement and improvement, public accountability, clinical and health services research, and clinical education. New technology will enable improved healthcare by providing pharmaceutical therapies, diagnostic and medical devices, and surgical procedures have been introduced that help improve the recovery of patients. Use of information technology will also improve on health delivery to patients. Medical practitioners will use computers to record patients’ medical history and check if they are administering correct treatment. Results of laboratory tests, records of vital signs and medical orders can be put into a main database that can be referred to later (Lighter & Fair, 2004). Good quality healthcare system can be provided at lower costs. This can be achieved by administering cheaper drugs. Expensive antibiotics can be effective just as cheaper drugs. Outpatient drug treatment can be effective and reduce costs compared to in patient basis. Using drugs to prevent opportunistic illnesses such as Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in HIV patients can lower costs are cost effective since the patients would less likely require

Charlie Chaplin & the Little Tramp Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Charlie Chaplin & the Little Tramp - Essay Example Susan Beegel has recently offered the intriguing speculation that the character f Manuel Garcia was based partially on the nineteenth-century matador Manuel Garcia "El Espartero." (Beegel 12-23) Hemingway's article in the Toronto Star Weekly (October 17, 1923) continues to suggest, however, that the character in question was inspired largely by Manuel Garcia Lopez, called "Maera," and his chaotic bullfight at Pamplona in July 1923. Hemingway was a relatively inexperienced spectator when he wrote the article for the Toronto Star Weekly. In fact, he had never seen a bullfight until earlier that spring, and the title f the article, "World Series f Bullfighting a Mad, Whirling Carnival," (White 99-108) characterizes his rather unsubtle response to what he saw. By contrast, in the so-called "miniature" that he wrote about the fictionalized "death" f Maera-shortly after seeing the fight-Hemingway's tone is, despite the subject matter, coldly, if not grotesquely, ironic. Although he had completed a draft f the miniature by late July, he apparently revised it in response to Ezra Pound's comments, because he wrote Pound that he had "redone the death f Maera altogether different.... The new death is good." (Baker 91) Although Hemingway is not, ... Indeed, the potential comedy f Maera's cinematic "death" was not lost on Scott Fitzgerald, who parodied the miniature in a letter to Hemingway in the fall f 1926, a year after the miniature appeared as "Chapter XIV" f In Our Time: "The King f Bulgaria began to whirl round and round.... Soon he was whirling faster and faster. Then he was dead." By the time Fitzgerald wrote him, however, Hemingway had long since moved from comparing Maera's death (in the miniature) to a sped-up film, to comparing Manuel Garcia's bullfight (in "The Undefeated") to a pratfall ballet which echoed not just Maera's bullfight at Pamplona in 1923 but the antics f Chaplin's comic tramp, "little Charlie." Comic bullfights featuring clowns dressed like Chaplin's little tramp were very popular in Spain and France in the Twenties and Thirties. (Campbell 42) And perhaps Hemingway was influenced solely by having seen a bullfight involving "Charlie Chaplins," as he calls them in "The Undefeated." But there is a good possibility that he was inspired to employ the tramp as an analogue in "The Undefeated" by a conversation he had with Fitzgerald's close friend Edmund Wilson, who had written what he called "a great super-ballet f New York for the Swedish Ballet--a pantomime explained by movie captions and with a section f movie film in the middle, for which Or nstein is composing the music and in which we hope to get Chaplin to act." (Wilson 117) Hemingway had first met Wilson in New York, in January 1924 (see Selected Letters, 103, Notes) and apparently learned about the projected ballet at this time. On October 18, 1924, a month before he completed "The Undefeated" (see Selected Letters, 133), originally entitled "The Bullfighters,"

Teamwork and Motivation Essay Example for Free

Teamwork and Motivation Essay An organization should take steps that would best benefit the organization as a whole to strategize a motivation plan. It first must identify what employees value and then determine how the organization can reciprocate that what the employees want is being heard. This can be done by taking the initiative to communicate first-hand with employees so that the plan is clear and concise. In the following motivation plan, I will explain how the plan encourages high job satisfaction, low turnover, high productivity, and high-quality work. Stacy Harris (2013) tells us that â€Å"the work environment is an important talent retention tool for any workforce, but it is particularly important for the skilled labor workforce. Work environments for the high-tech, healthcare, and manufacturing industries share several common issues: long hours, high stress, and often lower pay scales than positions that may require higher levels of education†. That is why creating and structuring a plan that is intended to motivate employees is such a significant piece to retaining skilled employees. When developing this plan I had to first answer the question, what behaviors will be rewarded and how. In this organization, we manufacture and sell a commodity and although sales are high, our products and delivery services are losing credibility. We are incurring costs that are avoidable and may be losing the trust of our customers if we don’t do something fast. Therefore, employee motivation is significant in rectifying the issues at hand. Quaratul-Ain Manzoor (2012) explains that â€Å"a motivated employee is responsive of the definite goals and objectives he/she must achieve, therefore he/she directs its efforts in that direction†. To achieve high job satisfaction and high quality work, we have created a system that will reward points for incentives that will be very appealing to our employees and we found this out by taking a poll of the most desired perks. Since no one motivation plan will satisfy all employees we have taken the initiative to strategize our plan to cater to each department in different ways. Each department has goals that need to be met and when employees exceed these goals their acts will be recognized and rewarded. In our sales department, we have employees that are experiencing frequent interaction with our consumers. In order for us to know what is really happening in those interactions we have implemented a survey system that is completed by consumers in reference to how our employees handled them. Once we receive surveys we will reward those exceeding the 91 percentile rating of satisfaction with points towards obtaining a free vacation day. Also, in all departments attendance will be recognized, especially since sales and assembly are high-priority human resource areas. When an employee misses no days within a six month to one year period we will have an award presented at our annual employee recognition program. Also, employees will be recognized every quarter for outstanding service according to their points and consumer ratings. This recognition will be displayed on our STAR employee board and they will receive gift certificates to the restaurant of their choice. For those employees that do not meet those requirements, throughout the year gas cards will be given to employees who are meeting targets, showing growth. In our assembly department the key to increasing the morale is encouraging employee motivation. Keeping employees engaged at the organization will satisfy their need to feel a part of the organization and also the company’s need of high-productivity. As suggested by Philip Mirvis (2012), â€Å"there is a daunting â€Å"employee engagement gap† in business†. To close this gap at WooWoo we are striving to promote from within. Giving employees the opportunity to rise up in the assembly department to become trainers, supervisors and line leaders will be an intrinsic reward available to them. Encouraging team members to treat everyday like an interview day will keep them aware that they have the potential to move up the ranks as fast as they produce high-quality work. To effectively motivate our administration team we decided to analyze their position to the organization and what they view as perks. Since this group of employees is more focused on the processes running smoothly we have decided to reward their dedication to the company in regards to recognizing and resolving human resource issues in a timely manner. From our research the most desired perks for this group are employee recognition and developmental pay increases. Our technology department is a significant piece to the puzzle and the most difficult to chose a motivational strategy for. This department focuses on the logistics of the organization and maintaining the functioning of equipment we use. Therefore, to encourage and motivate this department we focused on the tools they need to excel. When it comes to training and recertification for this group of employees it’s really important to maintain their credibility, so we have decided to reward their outstanding services with tuition reimbursement, and free certification for every 6 months they meet and exceed their goals. To address achieving low-turnover, we as an organization have decided to create a sense of job security for our employees. We have managed to do this by offering benefits such as employee assistance programs, on-site child care, extended severance pay (should we ever have to downsize), and a defined contribution plan that constitutes the organization matching the employees contribution. Turnover can take a huge toll on an organization and we have taken the necessary steps to decrease our turnover rates and to increase our employees’ satisfaction. Methods Two methods that could be used to motivate all of the employees here are: (1) addressing their needs and wants and (2) encouraging goals to be met by praising the work they currently are doing. The most significant method would be to address the employees’ needs and wants. Once a person feels a sense of belonging; they long to know that the interested party cares about them. Employees especially have a need to know that they are not just viewed as a number that makes money for the company. Also, taking the time to recognize the work employees have already completed motivates them to do more so that they can continue to receive praise and not criticism. In return, the organization has an opportunity to yield high-satisfaction from the employees that value this type of motivation. The minimum wage worker is not motivated by the perks that are appealing to regular full-time employees. Therefore, it is a task and requirement to be creative in catering to motivate them. Three ways to motivate the minimum wage worker are: (1) encouraging participative leadership/learning, (2) employee recognition, and (3) showing them that there is potential to grow and make a career in the industry wherein they will have full benefits. These methods are used in combination to cater to what appeals to this group of workers. In today’s workforce, most minimum wage workers are in the Generation Y age group and they are not working to stay in that pay grade, so turnover is inevitable. However, using these methods to show employees how you value them can sometimes encourage them to consider making a career in the industry. The theory that best fits this scenario is the Hierarchy of Needs Theory. This theory focuses on individual needs and it places them in order of importance. In this theory the two needs classified as the higher-order needs, are closely related to the suggested methods that could be used to motivate minimum wage workers. The first need addressed in this theory, self actualization, coincides with the first suggested method of motivating minimum wage employees. This need highlights that employees have a sense of fulfillment. The need which is entitled, esteem, would benefit from the second suggestion of employee recognition. Today’s Individual Worker – Organizational Relevance In today’s organizational context the individual worker is still significant and it would not be possible to consider otherwise. Individuals are what make organizations diverse and they keep the operating procedures flowing. Today’s businesses mainly depend on teamwork and teams are made of individuals. Without individuals, organizations would produce mediocre results and have no differentiation whatsoever. I believe that is why a lot of organizations are recruiting more diverse populations so that in return they aren’t hiring employees that are like them. It is wise of organizations to value each individual in their organization especially if those individuals are growing with the organization and not benefiting from the status quo. Conclusion In conclusion, organizations truly have their work cut out for them when analyzing the best method to use when creating a motivation plan. This task is not a one-size-fits-all deal and company executives must factors in all of the key questions to reach their ultimate goal of retaining employees. Motivating employees can be a difficult task if an organization does not ask themselves the right questions. Having a clear and concise plan that is encouraged and communicated throughout the organization on a regular basis is grounds for the retaining of highly-satisfied employees.

Anabolic Steroids :: Papers Research Drugs Essays

Anabolic Steroids "Anabolic steroids" is the familiar name for synthetic substances related to the male sex hormones (androgens). They promote the growth of skeletal muscle (anabolic effects) and the development of male sexual characteristics (androgenic effects), and also have some other effects. The term "anabolic steroids" will be used through-out this report because of its familiarity, although the proper term for these compounds is "anabolic-androgenic" steroids. Anabolic steroids were developed in the late 1930s primarily to treat hypogonadism, a condition in which the testes do not produce sufficient testosterone for normal growth, development, and sexual functioning. The primary medical uses of these compounds are to treat delayed puberty, some types of impotence, and wasting of the body caused by HIV infection or other diseases. During the 1930s, scientists discovered that anabolic steroids could facilitate the growth of skeletal muscle in laboratory animals, which led to use of the compounds first by bodybuilders and weightlifters and then by athletes in other sports. Steroid abuse has become so widespread in athletics that it affects the outcome of sports contests. More than 100 different anabolic steroids have been developed, but they require a prescription to be used legally in the United States. Most steroids that are used illegally are smuggled in from other countries, illegally diverted from U.S. pharmacies, or synthesized in clandestine laboratories. What are steroidal supplements? In the United States, supplements such as dehydroepian-drosterone (DHEA) and androstenedione (street name Andro) can be purchased legally without a prescription through many commercial sources including health food stores. They are often referred to as dietary supplements, although they are not food products. They are often taken because the user believes they have anabolic effects. Steroidal supplements can be converted into testosterone (an important male sex hormone) or a similar compound in the body. Whether such conversion produces sufficient quantities of testosterone to promote muscle growth or whether the supplements themselves promote muscle growth is unknown. Little is known about the side effects of steroidal supplements, but if large quantities of these compounds substantially increase testosterone levels in the body, they also are likely to produce the same side effects as anabolic steroids. What is the scope of steroid abuse in the United States? Recent evidence suggests that steroid abuse among adolescents is on the rise. The 1999 Monitoring the Future study, a NIDA-funded survey of drug abuse among adolescents in middle and high schools across the United States, estimated that 2.7 percent of 8th- and 10th-graders and 2. Anabolic Steroids :: Papers Research Drugs Essays Anabolic Steroids "Anabolic steroids" is the familiar name for synthetic substances related to the male sex hormones (androgens). They promote the growth of skeletal muscle (anabolic effects) and the development of male sexual characteristics (androgenic effects), and also have some other effects. The term "anabolic steroids" will be used through-out this report because of its familiarity, although the proper term for these compounds is "anabolic-androgenic" steroids. Anabolic steroids were developed in the late 1930s primarily to treat hypogonadism, a condition in which the testes do not produce sufficient testosterone for normal growth, development, and sexual functioning. The primary medical uses of these compounds are to treat delayed puberty, some types of impotence, and wasting of the body caused by HIV infection or other diseases. During the 1930s, scientists discovered that anabolic steroids could facilitate the growth of skeletal muscle in laboratory animals, which led to use of the compounds first by bodybuilders and weightlifters and then by athletes in other sports. Steroid abuse has become so widespread in athletics that it affects the outcome of sports contests. More than 100 different anabolic steroids have been developed, but they require a prescription to be used legally in the United States. Most steroids that are used illegally are smuggled in from other countries, illegally diverted from U.S. pharmacies, or synthesized in clandestine laboratories. What are steroidal supplements? In the United States, supplements such as dehydroepian-drosterone (DHEA) and androstenedione (street name Andro) can be purchased legally without a prescription through many commercial sources including health food stores. They are often referred to as dietary supplements, although they are not food products. They are often taken because the user believes they have anabolic effects. Steroidal supplements can be converted into testosterone (an important male sex hormone) or a similar compound in the body. Whether such conversion produces sufficient quantities of testosterone to promote muscle growth or whether the supplements themselves promote muscle growth is unknown. Little is known about the side effects of steroidal supplements, but if large quantities of these compounds substantially increase testosterone levels in the body, they also are likely to produce the same side effects as anabolic steroids. What is the scope of steroid abuse in the United States? Recent evidence suggests that steroid abuse among adolescents is on the rise. The 1999 Monitoring the Future study, a NIDA-funded survey of drug abuse among adolescents in middle and high schools across the United States, estimated that 2.7 percent of 8th- and 10th-graders and 2.

Classroom Observation Report

INTRODUCTION The school that we have chosen for our classroom observation is SMK Mutiara Rini which is situated at Jalan Persiaran Utama, Taman Mutiara Rini, Skudai Johor Bahru. This school consists of 2250 students from various level of proficiency. We have decided to observe Miss Niwashini Nambiar d/o Aravindan whom are one of our group mates for this classroom observation assignment. Miss Niwashini Nambiar has been teaching English language for both lower and upper secondary for three years. We observed the lower secondary group students whom are in form 2 UKM. There are 32 students in 2 UKM and their English language proficiency level is intermediate. TEACHING METHODOLOGY Before we went to observe Miss Niwashini, we already prepared an observation checklist to make sure that by the end of the observation, we will be able to discuss on the methodology used by the teacher during teaching and learning session. Throughout the lesson, we observed that the teacher minimized the use of mother tongue. She only used it when it was the last resort to make the students understand a particular term or word used during the lesson. The teaching techniques were organized for learners to learn communicative function. During the set induction for example, the teacher came out with something that triggered students' prior knowledge, thus we can see that the students were mostly eager to speak and participate in the conversation. This is parallel with the principle underpinning Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) where according to Brown (2001), CLT involves the use of language productively and receptively where the teacher facilitates and guides the learners to practice language skills in the classroom. For the activities chosen by the teacher during the lesson, we observed that it involved real life communication and also rich mix of classroom activities were implemented, where group work, pair work were all integrated during the lesson. For the group work activity, it allows the students to interact with one another, even some of them still communicate using their mother tongue but, we observed that some of them did tried to use English as much as they can. The lesson was not focused mainly on the form of language but its function as well, where the teacher tried to make the students able to use the target language using the activities done during the lesson. We found that the set induction as well as the activities conducted by the teacher bounded to what has been suggested by Larsen-Freeman (2000) that true communicative activities have three main features: information gap, choice and feedback, using authentic material in a small group activities. By taking the first activity conducted for example, where the students get into a group of five, it applied task-based learning which the students need to complete the task at the same time used the target language and the language acquisition will eventually happen. Another thing that we observed during the class lesson was that the teacher's goal of teaching was to develop students' communicative competence. The opportunities for the students to develop fluency and accuracy were provided by the teacher especially when the students were given a chance to present their work to the class and they got to receive feedback from peers as well as from the teacher. Parrish (2004) advocates that in CLT class, teacher's role is mainly as facilitator to guide the students in the interaction that takes place during teaching and learning session. This can be seen throughout the lesson, where Miss Niwashini did not dominated the lesson and the students' speaking time is maximized by being the main communicator in classroom. From what we have observed, we can conclude Miss Niwashini had integrated Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) in her teaching and learning session where she had emphasized on the communication in real-life situation to deliver the lesson. In this report, we also included her lesson plan for that particular lesson to give a clearer view on her teaching and learning session that day. As what is believed by Mustapha ; Yahaya (2013) that the successful implementation of CLT in English language teaching depends largely on the teacher's understanding. We can say that Miss Niwashini's lesson truly has almost all the beliefs under CLT which it was reflected through the way she conducted her lesson in the classroom. This can be seen from her methods and techniques applied during the lesson, the way she designed the activities for her students and the materials used for the activities. LESSON PLANCLASS TIME DURATION ATTENDANCE SUBJECT DAY DATE2UKM 2.20 pm- 3.20 pm 60 M32/32 ENGLISH THURSDAY 5/4/2018LESSON [LESSON 23] LANGUAGE AWARENESS NON-TEXTBOOK BASED LESSONMAIN SKILL(S) FOCUS SPEAKING , READING ; WRITINGTHEME PEOPLE AND CULTURE TOPIC LIVE WELL(HEBAT)LANGUAGE FOCUS Vocabulary related to the topic the health.CONTENT STANDARD Main Skill Writing 4.1Communicate intelligibly through print and digital media on familiar topics.Complementary Skill READING 3.1Understand a variety of texts by using a range of appropriate reading strategies to construct meaning.LEARNING STANDARD Main Skill Writing 4.1.5Connect sentences into two coherent paragraphs or more using basic coordinating conjunctions and pronounsComplementary Skill READING 3.1.1Use with some support familiar print and digital resources to check meaning.LEARNING OBJECTIVES By the end of the lesson, students should be able to :Create a balanced meal.Identify healthy and unhealthy foods in each of the food groups.SUCCESS CRITERIA At the end of the lesson, students will be able to :Create a balanced meal and explain about the meal with accurate pronunciation based on the given reading text.REFERENCES Access to bilingual dictionaries. CROSS CURRICULAR ELEMENT Technology EducationHOTS Analyzing and Applying MORAL VALUES GratitudeI-THINK Double Bubble Map PAK-21 Round table activity.ACTIVITIESPRE- LESSON LESSON DEVELOPMENT POST- LESSONGreet the students and introduce the topic â€Å"Balanced Meal† for the students.Teacher asks the students at random what do they really understand with the phrase â€Å"Balanced diet† Students will provide the examples of healthy and Unhealthy food. Students will get into group of 5.Students are assigned to create their own balanced meal.They should create a menu card based on the balanced meal that they are going to create. In groups, students are required to explain about the meal that they have created with accurate pronunciation.ASSESSMENT Worksheets REFLECTIONSCLASS : 2UKM 32/32 students able to answer random questions given by their respective teacher. The students able to provide a list of healthy and unhealthy food based on the alphabet shown by their teacher on the whiteboard. Apart from that, students able to identify and classify the healthy and unhealthy food shown by the teacher through random pictures. Students able to create a menu card based on the balanced meal for obesity patients via group work. Students able to present their work within the given time frame and only used English fully throughout the entire lesson.REFERENCESBrown, H. D. (2001). Teaching by Principles: An Interactive Approach to Language Pedagogy (2nd Ed.). New York: Longman.Larsen-Freeman, D. (2000). Techniques and Principles in Language Teaching (2nd Ed.).Oxford: Oxford University Press. Parrish, B. (2004). Teaching Adult ESL: A Practical Introduction. 3L Journal of Language Teaching 3(103-109). Oxford: Oxford University Press. Mustapha, S. T. ; Y ahaya, R. A. (2013).Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) in Malaysian Context: It's Implementation in Selected Community Colleges. Social and Behavioral Sciences 90(788-794). Malaysia: Universiti Teknologi MARA.

Where Does Space Begin

Space launches are exciting to watch and feel. A rocket leaps off the pad to space, roaring its way up and creating a shock wave of sound that rattles your bones (if youre within a few miles). Within a few minutes, it has entered space, ready to deliver payloads (and sometimes people) to space.   But, when does that rocket actually enter space? Its a good question that doesnt have a definite answer. There is no specific boundary that defines where space begins. There isnt a line in the atmosphere with a sign that says, Space is Thataway!  Ã‚   The Boundary between Earth and Space The line between space and not space is really determined by our atmosphere. Down here on the surface of the planet, its thick enough to support life. Rising up through the atmosphere, the air gradually gets thinner. There are traces of the gases we breathe more than a hundred miles above our planet, but eventually, they thin out so much that its no different from the near-vacuum of space.  Some satellites have measured tenuous bits of Earths atmosphere out to more than 800 kilometers (nearly 500 miles) away. All satellites orbit well above our atmosphere and are officially considered in space. Given that our atmosphere does thin so gradually and there is no clear-cut boundary, scientists had to come up with an official boundary between atmosphere and space. Today,  the commonly agreed-upon definition of where space begins is around 100 kilometers (62 miles). Its also called the von Kà ¡rmà ¡n line. Anyone who flies above 80 km (50 miles) in altitude is usually considered an astronaut, according to NASA. Exploring Atmospheric Layers To see why its difficult to define where space begins, take a look at how our atmosphere works. Think of it as a layer cake made of gases. Its thicker near the surface of our planet and thinner at the top. We live and work in the lowest level, and most humans live in the lower mile or so of the atmosphere. Its only when we travel by air or climb high mountains that we get into regions where the air is quite thin. The tallest mountains rise up to between 4,200 and 9,144 meters (14,000 to nearly 30,000 feet).   Most passenger jets fly at around up around 10 kilometers (or 6 miles) up. Even the best military jets rarely climb above 30 km   (98,425 feet). Weather balloons can get up to 40 kilometers (about 25 miles) in altitude. Meteors flare about 12 kilometers up. The northern or southern lights (auroral displays) are about 90 kilometers (~55 miles) high. The International Space Station orbits between 330 and 410 kilometers (205-255 miles) above Earths surface and well above the atmosphere. It is well above the dividing line that indicates the beginning of space.   Types of Space Astronomers and planetary scientists often divide the near-Earth space environment into different regions. There is geospace, which is that area of space nearest Earth, but basically outside the dividing line. Then, theres cislunar space, which is the region that extends out beyond the Moon and encompasses both Earth and the Moon. Beyond that is interplanetary space, which extends around the Sun and planets, out to the limits of the Oort Cloud. The next area is interstellar space (which encompasses the space between the stars). Beyond that are galactic space and intergalactic space, which focus on the spaces within the galaxy and between galaxies, respectively. In most cases, the space between stars and the vast regions between galaxies are not really empty. Those regions usually contain gas molecules and dust and effectively make up a vacuum. Legal Space For purposes of law and record-keeping, most experts consider space to begin at an altitude of 100 km (62 miles), the von Kà ¡rmà ¡n line. Its named after Theodore  von Kà ¡rmà ¡n, an engineer and physicist who worked heavily in aeronautics and astronautics. He was the first to determine that the atmosphere at this level is too thin to support aeronautical flight.   There are some very straightforward reasons why such a division exists. It reflects an environment where rockets are able to fly. In very practical terms, engineers who design spacecraft need to make sure they can handle the rigors of space. Defining space in terms of atmospheric drag, temperature, and pressure (or lack of one in a vacuum) is important since vehicles and satellites have to be constructed to withstand extreme environments. For purposes of landing safely on Earth, the designers and operators of the U.S. space shuttle fleet determined that the boundary of outer space for the shuttles was at an altitude of 122 km (76 miles). At that level, the shuttles could begin to feel atmospheric drag from Earths blanket of air, and that affected how they were steered to their landings. This was still well above the  von Kà ¡rmà ¡n line, but in reality, there were good engineering reasons to define for the shuttles, which carried human lives and had a higher requirement for safet y.   Politics and the Definition of Outer Space The idea of outer space is central to many treaties that govern the peaceful uses of space and the bodies in it. For example, the Outer Space Treaty (signed by 104 countries and first passed by the United Nations in 1967), keeps countries from claiming sovereign territory in outer space. What that means is that no country can stake a claim in space and keep others out of it. Thus, it became important to define outer space for geopolitical reasons having nothing to do with safety or engineering. The treaties that invoke the boundaries of space govern what governments can do at or near other bodies in space. It also provides guidelines for the development of human colonies and other research missions on the planets, moons, and asteroids.   Expanded and edited by Carolyn Collins Petersen.