Anabolic Steroids :: Papers Research Drugs Essays

Anabolic Steroids "Anabolic steroids" is the familiar name for synthetic substances related to the male sex hormones (androgens). They promote the growth of skeletal muscle (anabolic effects) and the development of male sexual characteristics (androgenic effects), and also have some other effects. The term "anabolic steroids" will be used through-out this report because of its familiarity, although the proper term for these compounds is "anabolic-androgenic" steroids. Anabolic steroids were developed in the late 1930s primarily to treat hypogonadism, a condition in which the testes do not produce sufficient testosterone for normal growth, development, and sexual functioning. The primary medical uses of these compounds are to treat delayed puberty, some types of impotence, and wasting of the body caused by HIV infection or other diseases. During the 1930s, scientists discovered that anabolic steroids could facilitate the growth of skeletal muscle in laboratory animals, which led to use of the compounds first by bodybuilders and weightlifters and then by athletes in other sports. Steroid abuse has become so widespread in athletics that it affects the outcome of sports contests. More than 100 different anabolic steroids have been developed, but they require a prescription to be used legally in the United States. Most steroids that are used illegally are smuggled in from other countries, illegally diverted from U.S. pharmacies, or synthesized in clandestine laboratories. What are steroidal supplements? In the United States, supplements such as dehydroepian-drosterone (DHEA) and androstenedione (street name Andro) can be purchased legally without a prescription through many commercial sources including health food stores. They are often referred to as dietary supplements, although they are not food products. They are often taken because the user believes they have anabolic effects. Steroidal supplements can be converted into testosterone (an important male sex hormone) or a similar compound in the body. Whether such conversion produces sufficient quantities of testosterone to promote muscle growth or whether the supplements themselves promote muscle growth is unknown. Little is known about the side effects of steroidal supplements, but if large quantities of these compounds substantially increase testosterone levels in the body, they also are likely to produce the same side effects as anabolic steroids. What is the scope of steroid abuse in the United States? Recent evidence suggests that steroid abuse among adolescents is on the rise. The 1999 Monitoring the Future study, a NIDA-funded survey of drug abuse among adolescents in middle and high schools across the United States, estimated that 2.7 percent of 8th- and 10th-graders and 2. Anabolic Steroids :: Papers Research Drugs Essays Anabolic Steroids "Anabolic steroids" is the familiar name for synthetic substances related to the male sex hormones (androgens). They promote the growth of skeletal muscle (anabolic effects) and the development of male sexual characteristics (androgenic effects), and also have some other effects. The term "anabolic steroids" will be used through-out this report because of its familiarity, although the proper term for these compounds is "anabolic-androgenic" steroids. Anabolic steroids were developed in the late 1930s primarily to treat hypogonadism, a condition in which the testes do not produce sufficient testosterone for normal growth, development, and sexual functioning. The primary medical uses of these compounds are to treat delayed puberty, some types of impotence, and wasting of the body caused by HIV infection or other diseases. During the 1930s, scientists discovered that anabolic steroids could facilitate the growth of skeletal muscle in laboratory animals, which led to use of the compounds first by bodybuilders and weightlifters and then by athletes in other sports. Steroid abuse has become so widespread in athletics that it affects the outcome of sports contests. More than 100 different anabolic steroids have been developed, but they require a prescription to be used legally in the United States. Most steroids that are used illegally are smuggled in from other countries, illegally diverted from U.S. pharmacies, or synthesized in clandestine laboratories. What are steroidal supplements? In the United States, supplements such as dehydroepian-drosterone (DHEA) and androstenedione (street name Andro) can be purchased legally without a prescription through many commercial sources including health food stores. They are often referred to as dietary supplements, although they are not food products. They are often taken because the user believes they have anabolic effects. Steroidal supplements can be converted into testosterone (an important male sex hormone) or a similar compound in the body. Whether such conversion produces sufficient quantities of testosterone to promote muscle growth or whether the supplements themselves promote muscle growth is unknown. Little is known about the side effects of steroidal supplements, but if large quantities of these compounds substantially increase testosterone levels in the body, they also are likely to produce the same side effects as anabolic steroids. What is the scope of steroid abuse in the United States? Recent evidence suggests that steroid abuse among adolescents is on the rise. The 1999 Monitoring the Future study, a NIDA-funded survey of drug abuse among adolescents in middle and high schools across the United States, estimated that 2.7 percent of 8th- and 10th-graders and 2.

Classroom Observation Report

INTRODUCTION The school that we have chosen for our classroom observation is SMK Mutiara Rini which is situated at Jalan Persiaran Utama, Taman Mutiara Rini, Skudai Johor Bahru. This school consists of 2250 students from various level of proficiency. We have decided to observe Miss Niwashini Nambiar d/o Aravindan whom are one of our group mates for this classroom observation assignment. Miss Niwashini Nambiar has been teaching English language for both lower and upper secondary for three years. We observed the lower secondary group students whom are in form 2 UKM. There are 32 students in 2 UKM and their English language proficiency level is intermediate. TEACHING METHODOLOGY Before we went to observe Miss Niwashini, we already prepared an observation checklist to make sure that by the end of the observation, we will be able to discuss on the methodology used by the teacher during teaching and learning session. Throughout the lesson, we observed that the teacher minimized the use of mother tongue. She only used it when it was the last resort to make the students understand a particular term or word used during the lesson. The teaching techniques were organized for learners to learn communicative function. During the set induction for example, the teacher came out with something that triggered students' prior knowledge, thus we can see that the students were mostly eager to speak and participate in the conversation. This is parallel with the principle underpinning Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) where according to Brown (2001), CLT involves the use of language productively and receptively where the teacher facilitates and guides the learners to practice language skills in the classroom. For the activities chosen by the teacher during the lesson, we observed that it involved real life communication and also rich mix of classroom activities were implemented, where group work, pair work were all integrated during the lesson. For the group work activity, it allows the students to interact with one another, even some of them still communicate using their mother tongue but, we observed that some of them did tried to use English as much as they can. The lesson was not focused mainly on the form of language but its function as well, where the teacher tried to make the students able to use the target language using the activities done during the lesson. We found that the set induction as well as the activities conducted by the teacher bounded to what has been suggested by Larsen-Freeman (2000) that true communicative activities have three main features: information gap, choice and feedback, using authentic material in a small group activities. By taking the first activity conducted for example, where the students get into a group of five, it applied task-based learning which the students need to complete the task at the same time used the target language and the language acquisition will eventually happen. Another thing that we observed during the class lesson was that the teacher's goal of teaching was to develop students' communicative competence. The opportunities for the students to develop fluency and accuracy were provided by the teacher especially when the students were given a chance to present their work to the class and they got to receive feedback from peers as well as from the teacher. Parrish (2004) advocates that in CLT class, teacher's role is mainly as facilitator to guide the students in the interaction that takes place during teaching and learning session. This can be seen throughout the lesson, where Miss Niwashini did not dominated the lesson and the students' speaking time is maximized by being the main communicator in classroom. From what we have observed, we can conclude Miss Niwashini had integrated Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) in her teaching and learning session where she had emphasized on the communication in real-life situation to deliver the lesson. In this report, we also included her lesson plan for that particular lesson to give a clearer view on her teaching and learning session that day. As what is believed by Mustapha ; Yahaya (2013) that the successful implementation of CLT in English language teaching depends largely on the teacher's understanding. We can say that Miss Niwashini's lesson truly has almost all the beliefs under CLT which it was reflected through the way she conducted her lesson in the classroom. This can be seen from her methods and techniques applied during the lesson, the way she designed the activities for her students and the materials used for the activities. LESSON PLANCLASS TIME DURATION ATTENDANCE SUBJECT DAY DATE2UKM 2.20 pm- 3.20 pm 60 M32/32 ENGLISH THURSDAY 5/4/2018LESSON [LESSON 23] LANGUAGE AWARENESS NON-TEXTBOOK BASED LESSONMAIN SKILL(S) FOCUS SPEAKING , READING ; WRITINGTHEME PEOPLE AND CULTURE TOPIC LIVE WELL(HEBAT)LANGUAGE FOCUS Vocabulary related to the topic the health.CONTENT STANDARD Main Skill Writing 4.1Communicate intelligibly through print and digital media on familiar topics.Complementary Skill READING 3.1Understand a variety of texts by using a range of appropriate reading strategies to construct meaning.LEARNING STANDARD Main Skill Writing 4.1.5Connect sentences into two coherent paragraphs or more using basic coordinating conjunctions and pronounsComplementary Skill READING 3.1.1Use with some support familiar print and digital resources to check meaning.LEARNING OBJECTIVES By the end of the lesson, students should be able to :Create a balanced meal.Identify healthy and unhealthy foods in each of the food groups.SUCCESS CRITERIA At the end of the lesson, students will be able to :Create a balanced meal and explain about the meal with accurate pronunciation based on the given reading text.REFERENCES Access to bilingual dictionaries. CROSS CURRICULAR ELEMENT Technology EducationHOTS Analyzing and Applying MORAL VALUES GratitudeI-THINK Double Bubble Map PAK-21 Round table activity.ACTIVITIESPRE- LESSON LESSON DEVELOPMENT POST- LESSONGreet the students and introduce the topic â€Å"Balanced Meal† for the students.Teacher asks the students at random what do they really understand with the phrase â€Å"Balanced diet† Students will provide the examples of healthy and Unhealthy food. Students will get into group of 5.Students are assigned to create their own balanced meal.They should create a menu card based on the balanced meal that they are going to create. In groups, students are required to explain about the meal that they have created with accurate pronunciation.ASSESSMENT Worksheets REFLECTIONSCLASS : 2UKM 32/32 students able to answer random questions given by their respective teacher. The students able to provide a list of healthy and unhealthy food based on the alphabet shown by their teacher on the whiteboard. Apart from that, students able to identify and classify the healthy and unhealthy food shown by the teacher through random pictures. Students able to create a menu card based on the balanced meal for obesity patients via group work. Students able to present their work within the given time frame and only used English fully throughout the entire lesson.REFERENCESBrown, H. D. (2001). Teaching by Principles: An Interactive Approach to Language Pedagogy (2nd Ed.). New York: Longman.Larsen-Freeman, D. (2000). Techniques and Principles in Language Teaching (2nd Ed.).Oxford: Oxford University Press. Parrish, B. (2004). Teaching Adult ESL: A Practical Introduction. 3L Journal of Language Teaching 3(103-109). Oxford: Oxford University Press. Mustapha, S. T. ; Y ahaya, R. A. (2013).Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) in Malaysian Context: It's Implementation in Selected Community Colleges. Social and Behavioral Sciences 90(788-794). Malaysia: Universiti Teknologi MARA.

Where Does Space Begin

Space launches are exciting to watch and feel. A rocket leaps off the pad to space, roaring its way up and creating a shock wave of sound that rattles your bones (if youre within a few miles). Within a few minutes, it has entered space, ready to deliver payloads (and sometimes people) to space.   But, when does that rocket actually enter space? Its a good question that doesnt have a definite answer. There is no specific boundary that defines where space begins. There isnt a line in the atmosphere with a sign that says, Space is Thataway!  Ã‚   The Boundary between Earth and Space The line between space and not space is really determined by our atmosphere. Down here on the surface of the planet, its thick enough to support life. Rising up through the atmosphere, the air gradually gets thinner. There are traces of the gases we breathe more than a hundred miles above our planet, but eventually, they thin out so much that its no different from the near-vacuum of space.  Some satellites have measured tenuous bits of Earths atmosphere out to more than 800 kilometers (nearly 500 miles) away. All satellites orbit well above our atmosphere and are officially considered in space. Given that our atmosphere does thin so gradually and there is no clear-cut boundary, scientists had to come up with an official boundary between atmosphere and space. Today,  the commonly agreed-upon definition of where space begins is around 100 kilometers (62 miles). Its also called the von Kà ¡rmà ¡n line. Anyone who flies above 80 km (50 miles) in altitude is usually considered an astronaut, according to NASA. Exploring Atmospheric Layers To see why its difficult to define where space begins, take a look at how our atmosphere works. Think of it as a layer cake made of gases. Its thicker near the surface of our planet and thinner at the top. We live and work in the lowest level, and most humans live in the lower mile or so of the atmosphere. Its only when we travel by air or climb high mountains that we get into regions where the air is quite thin. The tallest mountains rise up to between 4,200 and 9,144 meters (14,000 to nearly 30,000 feet).   Most passenger jets fly at around up around 10 kilometers (or 6 miles) up. Even the best military jets rarely climb above 30 km   (98,425 feet). Weather balloons can get up to 40 kilometers (about 25 miles) in altitude. Meteors flare about 12 kilometers up. The northern or southern lights (auroral displays) are about 90 kilometers (~55 miles) high. The International Space Station orbits between 330 and 410 kilometers (205-255 miles) above Earths surface and well above the atmosphere. It is well above the dividing line that indicates the beginning of space.   Types of Space Astronomers and planetary scientists often divide the near-Earth space environment into different regions. There is geospace, which is that area of space nearest Earth, but basically outside the dividing line. Then, theres cislunar space, which is the region that extends out beyond the Moon and encompasses both Earth and the Moon. Beyond that is interplanetary space, which extends around the Sun and planets, out to the limits of the Oort Cloud. The next area is interstellar space (which encompasses the space between the stars). Beyond that are galactic space and intergalactic space, which focus on the spaces within the galaxy and between galaxies, respectively. In most cases, the space between stars and the vast regions between galaxies are not really empty. Those regions usually contain gas molecules and dust and effectively make up a vacuum. Legal Space For purposes of law and record-keeping, most experts consider space to begin at an altitude of 100 km (62 miles), the von Kà ¡rmà ¡n line. Its named after Theodore  von Kà ¡rmà ¡n, an engineer and physicist who worked heavily in aeronautics and astronautics. He was the first to determine that the atmosphere at this level is too thin to support aeronautical flight.   There are some very straightforward reasons why such a division exists. It reflects an environment where rockets are able to fly. In very practical terms, engineers who design spacecraft need to make sure they can handle the rigors of space. Defining space in terms of atmospheric drag, temperature, and pressure (or lack of one in a vacuum) is important since vehicles and satellites have to be constructed to withstand extreme environments. For purposes of landing safely on Earth, the designers and operators of the U.S. space shuttle fleet determined that the boundary of outer space for the shuttles was at an altitude of 122 km (76 miles). At that level, the shuttles could begin to feel atmospheric drag from Earths blanket of air, and that affected how they were steered to their landings. This was still well above the  von Kà ¡rmà ¡n line, but in reality, there were good engineering reasons to define for the shuttles, which carried human lives and had a higher requirement for safet y.   Politics and the Definition of Outer Space The idea of outer space is central to many treaties that govern the peaceful uses of space and the bodies in it. For example, the Outer Space Treaty (signed by 104 countries and first passed by the United Nations in 1967), keeps countries from claiming sovereign territory in outer space. What that means is that no country can stake a claim in space and keep others out of it. Thus, it became important to define outer space for geopolitical reasons having nothing to do with safety or engineering. The treaties that invoke the boundaries of space govern what governments can do at or near other bodies in space. It also provides guidelines for the development of human colonies and other research missions on the planets, moons, and asteroids.   Expanded and edited by Carolyn Collins Petersen.

The Day For The Calendar Year 2015 - 1439 Words

For the calendar year 2015, the total cost of water for each building, shower, sprinkler, toilet flushed, dish or hand washed and drop drank on campus was $424,890.98 and the cost of electricity for every building across campus was $1,842,701.74 according to data compiled by the Campus Project Manager, Deborah Proctor, who worked with the Accounts Payable Department to get the exact totals. This is up from calendar year 2012, which Proctor stated was about $354,000 for water and $1.3 million for electric. 2012 was a drought year and she explained more water was used because of that, but electricity always seems to be of higher cost on campus. â€Å"If we as a campus community want to help ourselves out and save some money†¦it’s electricity.†¦show more content†¦We had a very comprehensive proposal,† she said. The document that was never passed by the administration in 2007 titled, Colorado State University-Pueblo Policy for a Sustainable Future, states that â€Å"This plan will examine the current use of natural resources, design short and long term goals and plans for adjustments to current uses, cultivate acceptance, understand there will be a need for resourced and within reason commit to seeking resources to meet the goals of the plan, develop resource support and govern all activities on campus.† Additionally, the document cites a physical goal of modifying the environmental impact of the university, but also a conceptual goal of incorporating environmental related education into practices on campus such as in courses and outside of the university in the local community. The education of sustainable practices and issues is an area that both Proctor and Avià ±a cited as needing more focus to this day. However, recently a sustainability minor was added to the campus curriculum and 10 students are enrolled to date. â€Å"Students are both encouraged to take a role in eco-friendly practices and projects for the campus,† explained Sara Spencer-Workman, sustainability education specialist. â€Å"We were informed by Maya about the senate’s recommendations from the past. This was definitely taken into consideration,† Explained Rhonda Gonzales, Dean of Library Services and

The Wars Of The Roses - 1181 Words

et was a decisive engagement in the Wars of the Roses, a dynastic conflict of 15th-century England. The military action, along with the subsequent Battle of Tewkesbury, secured the throne for Edward IV. On 14 April 1471 near Barnet, then a small Hertfordshire town north of London, Edward led the House of York in a fight against the House of Lancaster, which backed Henry VI for the throne. Leading the Lancastrian army was Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick, who played a crucial role in the fate of each king. Historians regard the battle as one of the most important clashes in the Wars of the Roses, since it brought about a decisive turn in the fortunes of the two houses. Edward s victory was followed by fourteen years of Yorkist rule†¦show more content†¦On their return to the battlefield, Oxford s men were erroneously shot at by his allies commanded by John Neville, 1st Marquess of Montagu. The Lancastrians lost the battle as cries of treason spread through their line, di srupting morale and causing many to abandon the fight. While retreating, Warwick was killed by Yorkist soldiers. Warwick had been such an influential figure in 15th-century English politics that, on his death, no one matched him in terms of power and popularity. Deprived of Warwick s support, the Lancastrians suffered their final defeat at the Battle of Tewkesbury on 4 May 1471, which marked the downfall of the House of Lancaster and the ascendancy of the House of York. Three centuries after the Battle of Barnet, a stone obelisk was raised on the spot where Warwick purportedly died. Contents [hide] 1 Background 2 Commanders 2.1 Yorkist 2.2 Lancastrian 3 Prelude 4 Fighting in the mist 5 Post-battle 6 Legacy 6.1 Shakespearian dramatisation 6.2 Battlefield 7 Notes 8 References 9 Bibliography 10 External links Background[edit] Further information: Wars of the Roses The Wars of the Roses were a series of conflicts between various English lords and nobles in support of two different royal families. In 1461, the conflict reached a milestone when the House of York supplanted its rival, the House of Lancaster, as the ruling royal house in England. Edward IV, leader of the Yorkists, seized the throne from the

Man as a Rational Being free essay sample

Man as a rational being Throughout the course of history man has been described as many deferent things. One of the most famous of these Is Aristotle definition of man; Aristotle defined man as being a rational animal. According to this definition, rationality Is what separates man from all other animals; It Is what makes them unique. In order to prove this to be an accurate definition of man the deflation of rational must first be understood. What makes man different from all other animals Is mans ability to reason.He Is able to distinguish between what is right or wrong, good or evil and he makes a choice for the distinction made by the intellect. As a rational being, he is able to take responsibility for his actions because he knows out of reason and not instinct. Rational has more than one denotation and in order for man to be rational they must fit all or most of them. We will write a custom essay sample on Man as a Rational Being or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It also has to be proven that this definition is unique to man and that no other animal is rational. Aristotle definition of man is fairly accurate because man has some unique characteristics which makes them rational and are specific only to them.Intelligence, the capability to understand and the ability to achieve goals through planned action are all characteristics unique to man which makes them rational. Aristotle Ethics is a study of choice in action; how should man best live? For Aristotle, this has a social as well as individual aspect. Some virtues, like courage and generosity, he describes as practical virtues, because they relate to mans social nature. The truly balanced individual also pursues the theoretical virtues which are related to man as a rational being. Ultimate happiness lies in pursuit of wisdom forIts own sake. Man as a Rational Being By challenge Year/Section: 3rd yr 813 Throughout the course of history man has been described as many different things. One of the most famous of these is Aristotle definition of man; Aristotle defined man as being a rational animal. According to this definition, rationality is what separates man from all other animals; it is what makes them unique. In order to prove this to be an accurate definition of man the definition of rational must first be understood. What makes man different from all other animals is mans ability to reason. He is able its own sake.

Principles of Marketing Strategy and Planning

Question: Discuss about the Principles of Marketing Strategy and Planning. Answer: Introduction: Kingsgrove Sports Centre: It is worlds renowned cricket shop, founded in 1976 by Harold Solomons. His hard work, passion for sports and loyal customers made his brand, a well known brand. The key factor of the company is valued customer service, advice, quality equipments and their ongoing close relationship to their clients and sports manufacturers. (Kingsgrove Sports Centre, 2014). SWOT Analysis of Kingsgrove Sport Centre: It is a study to know about KSCs current position in the market and analysis the market. It stands for Strength, weakness, opportunities and threat. (Kotler, Wong V, Saunders Armstrong 2005) Strength: Strength analysis of a company reveals its internal position. Kingsgrove sports centres strengths are as follows: Quality and services: KSC is providing the best quality product and services to their clients like repair, warehouse and cricket academy service. Tie-ups: They are having a good relationship with their suppliers. And their suppliers are best manufacturers in the industry. Knowledge about customers: KSC is having good information about their competitors which helps them to make their new strategy. ( Kotler, Veronica, Saunders and Armstrong 2005) Weakness: Weakness analysis of a company reveals its internal position. Kingsgrove sports centres weaknesses are as follows: Unavailability of funds: KSC dont have much funds to expand its business further. Even Uncooperative banks have also limited his ability to use the funds. No worldwide presence: KSC is concerning on NSW stores more. It is not focussing on any other retail store. So other competitor can easily grab the market except NSW market. Smaller Industry: KSCs only focus is on cricket industry and this industry is not a huge one. Opportunities: Opportunity analysis of a company reveals external environment opportunities for a company. Kingsgrove sports centres opportunities are as follows: Untapped Market: As there is no need to do more experiment on cricket accessories. So it is easier for KSC to satisfy their customer by doing less work on product. Renowned Brand: As KSC is well known brand and it is the first priority of every cricket lover in NSW. So KSC can use this as its marketing strategy while tapping the other market. Competitors: There are fewer competitors in the industry, so KSC dont have to give its much time to know about competitor and make strategy according to that. Strategy and planning: KSC can make strategy on its own because as it is the top company in the industry, it doesnt have to make changes according to market situation. Threats: Threat analysis of a company reveals external environment threat for a company. Kingsgrove sports centres threats are as follows: Online marketing: As there are so many companies in the market who are selling their product online. Customers find it more convenient to buy things online rather than going into the market and buy. Suppliers: KSCs key factor is their quality product. But Suppliers can open their own retail store to sell their product. And if it happens then customer will automatically shift from KSC. Competitors: Competitors are always a threat for any business. They can come with any new idea in the market at any time. This will affect the business by losing the share of the market. Lack of Funds for expansion: For expanding the business, firm need some fund. But uncooperative bank have limited the ability of company to use funds. So it is a big threat for company to arrange the funds for business. (Pahl and Richter 2007). Ans2) Deal with opportunity and threat: External Opportunities provides an organization to improve its external environment by focusing on its performance and its competitive advantages whereas Threats are anything from external environment which affects companys performance, achievement of its goals etc. Strategy and planning: Strategy is an organizational management document prepare by higher authority to communicate companys goals, and needed action to achieve the goals. KSC can make a good strategic plan by taking concern of each and every resources of company. As KSC is having 35 year experience, they are having a great experience of industry for sure. KSC can make his own strategy without concerning competitors strategy because it is having a big share of market already and there are fewer competitors in the market with 2-3% market share. A good strategic plan can help a company to be on the top and expand the business. Following are some suggestions for company to grab the opportunity: A Good strategy plan helps an organization to communicate their goal to their employees and their needed action to achieve that goal. It helps an organization to not only grab the market but also to get loyal customers. It helps an organization to totally utilize the resources. It helps an organization to compete with other companies in the industry and in grabbing their market share also. (Sadler,2003) Lack of Funds: funds are the resources mainly in form of money or any other value such as a person, effort of time; institutions etc. funds are essential element of any companys finance department. Without fund an organization is not able to do anything whether payment of suppliers, any marketing expenses or any business activity. As there are less funds in hand of KSC, KSC have to face many issues like it has to face many problems in expanding the business, make some new strategy, grab the new opportunity etc.( Dawson,1996) following are some suggestions which will help the company to deal with threat: Shares: Kingsgrove Sports Centre can come into the market with its share to raise the funds from the market. Loan: KSC can take loan from the market on less interest price to manage the funds for its activities. Mortgage: KSC can mortgage its property to raise the fund and expand the business. Debentures: KSC can take a long term loan from the market in context of debentures. Tie-up: KSC can tie-up from small companies in different cities to be in that market. These are the some possible solution to sort out the fund issue. The best are either to raise the funds through shares or tie-up with small companies. (Stake,1995) Reference: Kotler P., Wong V., Saunders J., Armstrong G. (2005). Principles of Marketing. Pearson Education Ltd. Sadler P. (2003). Strategic Management. Kogan Page Ltd. Stake R. (1995). The Art of Case Study Research. SAGE Publications ltd. Valenzuela F. (2013). Marketing: A Snapshot. Pearson Higher Education AU. Kingsgrove Sports Centre, (2014). About Us. Retrieved: 18 Nov 2016 from https://www.kingsgrovesports.com.au/about.aspx Kotler P., Veronica W., Saunders J. and Armstrong G. (2005). Principles of Marketing. Pearson Publication ltd. Dawson J. (1996). Flow-of-fund Analysis. M. E. Sharpe. Pahl N., Richter A. (2007). Swot Analysis - Idea, Methodology and a Practical Approach. GRIN Verlag.